Origins of child development theories

Child development

"Change in the child that occurs over-time. Changes follow an orderly pattern that moves towards greater complexity and enhances survival."

Periods of development

• Prental period from conception to birth.
• Infancy and toddlerhood birth to 2 years
• Early childhood 2-6 years old 
• Middle childhood 6-12 years old
• Adolescence 12-19 years old

Earlier stages of development

Domains of development

      Development's described in three domains, but growth in one domain influence the order domains.

Physical Domain

 Body size, body, proportions, appearance brain development, motor development, perception, capacities, physical health.

Cognitive Domain

  Thought processes and intellectual abilities including attention, memory,problem solving, imaginations, creativity, academic and everyday knowledge meta-cognition and learning languages.

Social emotional domain

    Self- knowledge , moral reasoning, understanding and expression of motion self-regulation, temperament understanding other international skills.

Theories.

what is theory and why its important ?

Orderly set of ideas which described, explain, and predict behavior.

To meaning what we observe.

As a basis for action-finding ways to improve the lives and education of children

Origins of child-development theories

             16-15th Centuries medieval period.

performationism ; children seen as little adjust.

childhood is not unique phase.

children were cared for until they could begin caring for themselves, around 7 year old.

Children treated as adults ( their clothing, worked at adults job could be married were made into kings were imprisoned or hanged a adults.

               16th Century reformation period.

Puritan religion influenced how children were viewed.

Children were born evil, must and must be civilized.

A goal emerged to raise children effectively.

Special books were designed for children.

            17th Century Age of Enlightenment

John Locke believed in Tbula rasa.

Tabula rasa is Latin phrase often translated s blank state.

It is an idea that individuals are born without built in mental content and that there for all knowledge comes from experience of perception

Children develop in response to.

         18th century Age of reason

Jean - jacques Rousau.

children were noble savages, born with an innate sense of morality the timing of growth should not be inferred with.

Roussseay used the idea of stages of development.

Behavioral and social learning theories.

Beliefs that describe the importance of the enviroment and nuturing in the growth of a child.

Behaviorism

• Developed as a response to psychoanalytical theories.
• Behaviorism became the dominant view from the 1920-1960

John Watson.

• Early 20 Century "father of the American Behaviorist theory."
• Based his work on Pavlov's experiments on the digestive system if dogs.
• Researched classical conditioning.
• Children are passive begins who can molded by controlling the stimulus-response associations.

B.F Skinner 

Proposed that children "operate" on their envioroment, operational conditioning.

Believed that learning could be broken down into smaller tasks. and that offering immediate rewards for accomplishments.

Social Learning theories

Albert Bandura,

Stressed how children learn by observation and imitation 

Believed that children gradually become more selective in what they imitate.

Biological theories and system theories.

   Belief that heredity and innate biological processes govern growth.

   The belief that development can't be explained by a single concept, but rather by a complex system.

The varied system of the environment and the interrelationships among the system shape child's development.

The environment effects the child and the child influences the environment.

Thanks for reading      :)